La planificación comienza con los requerimientos que definen el producto y el proyecto. La planificación del proyecto incluye el desarrollo y mantenimiento de los planes de todos los procesos adquiridos incluidos los procesos que requieren una interacción proveedor-cliente. También incluye establecer y mantener un plan para la transición al producto adquirido.
El plan de proyecto necesita ser revisado para poder administrar los cambios que se realizan en los requerimientos. Estos cambios pueden afectar las estimaciones de la planificación del proyecto, los presupuestos, riesgos, tareas del proyecto, recursos y confirmaciones. PP se relaciona con las siguientes áreas de proceso: CAM, SD, SSD, SSM, MA, REQM y RSKM.
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas específicas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Establish Estimates
SP 1.1 – Establish the Project Strategy
1.1.1- Identify the objectives of the project and the capabilities it intends to provide. 1.1.2- Identify the approach used to achieve the objectives or provide the capabilities. 1.1.3- Document business considerations 1.1.4- Identify major resources needs. 1.1.5- Identify stakeholders that will play major roles in the project. 1.1.6- Identify the agreement types to be used. 1.1.7- Identify risks and how those risks may be allocated to various stakeholders. 1.1.8- Identify the approach used to maintain safety and security in the project. 1.1.9- Review the project strategy with senior management and obtain its agreement. 1.1.10- Revise the project strategy as necessary.
SP 1.2 - Estimate the Scope of the Project
1.2.1- Develop a WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) based on the project strategy. 1.2.2- Define the work packages in sufficient detail so that estimates of project tasks, responsibilities, and schedule can be specified. 1.2.3- Identify product or product components to be externally acquired. 1.2.4- Identify work products to be reused.
SP 1.3 - Establish Estimates of Work Product and Task Attributes
1.3.1- Use appropriate methods to determine the attributes of the work products and tasks to be used to estimate resource requirements 1.3.2- Estimate the attributes of work products and tasks.
SP 1.4 - Define Project Life Cycle
SP 1.5 – Estimate Effort and Cost
1.5.1- Collect models or historical data to be used to transform the attributes of work products and tasks into estimates of labor hours and costs. 1.5.2- Include supporting infrastructure needs when estimating effort and cost. 1.5.3- Estimate effort and cost using models and historical data.
Productos de trabajo típicos
Project strategy (SP 1.1) Task descriptions (SP 1.2) Work package descriptions (SP 1.2) WBS (SP 1.2) Technical approach (SP 1.3) Size and complexity of tasks and work products (SP 1.3) Estimating models (SP 1.3) Attribute estimates (SP 1.3) Project lifecycle phases (SP 1.4) Estimation rationale (SP 1.5) Project effort estimates (SP 1.5) Project cost estimates (SP 1.5)
SG 2 - Develop a Project Plan
SP 2.1 - Establish the Budget and Schedule
2.1.1- Identify major milestones. 2.1.2- Identify schedule assumptions. 2.1.3- Identify constraints 2.1.4- Identify task dependencies. 2.1.5- Define the budget and schedule. 2.1.6- Establish corrective action criteria.
SP 2.2 - Identify Project Risks
2.2.1- Identify risks. 2.2.2- Document risks 2.2.3- Review and obtain agreement with relevant stakeholders on the completeness and correctness of documented risks. 2.2.4- Revise risks, as appropriate.
SP 2.3 - Plan Data Management
2.3.1-Establish requirements and procedures to ensure privacy and security of data. 2.3.2- Establish a mechanism to archive data and to access archived data. 2.3.3- Determine the project data to be identified, collected, and distributed. 2.3.4- Determine the requirements for providing access to and distribution of data to stakeholders. 2.3.4- Decide which project data and plans require version control or more stringent levels of configuration control and establish mechanisms to ensure project data are controlled.
SP 2.4 - Plan the Project’s Resources
2.4.1- Determine process requirements. 2.4.2- Determine requirements for communication mechanisms. 2.4.3- Determine staffing requirements. 2.4.4- Determine facility, equipment, and component requirements. 2.4.5- Determine other continuing resource requirements.
SP 2.5 - Plan Needed Knowledge and Skills
2.5.1- Identify the knowledge and skills needed to perform the project. 2.5.2- Assess the knowledge and skills available. 2.5.3- Select mechanisms for providing needed knowledge and skills. 2.5.4- Incorporate selected mechanisms into the project plan.
SP 2.6 - Plan Stakeholder Involvement
SP 2.7 – Establish the Project Plan
2.7.1- Document the project plan. 2.7.2- Include, reference and reconcile the results of planning activities as appropriate. 2.7.3- Review the project plan with relevant stakeholders and get its agreement. 2.7.4- Revise the project plan as necessary.
Productos de trabajo típicos
Project schedules (SP 2.1) Schedules dependencies (SP 2.1) Project budget (SP 2.1) Identified risks (SP 2.2) Risk impacts and probability of occurrence (SP 2.2) Risk priorities (SP 2.2) Data management plan (SP 2.3) Master list of managed data (SP 2.3) Data content and format description (SP 2.3) List of data requirements for acquirers and suppliers (SP 2.3) Privacy requirements (SP 2.3) Security requirements (SP 2.3) Security procedures (SP 2.3) Mechanisms for data retrieval, reproduction, and distribution (SP 2.3) Schedule for the collection of project data (SP 2.3) List of project data to be collected (SP 2.3) Work packages (SP 2.4) WBS task dictionary (SP 2.4) Staffing requirements based on project size and scope (SP 2.4) Critical facilities and equipment list (SP 2.4) Process and workflow definitions and diagrams (SP 2.4) Project administration requirements list (SP 2.4) Status reporting templates (SP 2.4) Inventory of skill needs (SP 2.5) Staffing and new hire plans (SP 2.5) Databases (SP 2.5) Training Plans (SP 2.5) Stakeholder involvement plan (SP 2.6) Overall project plan (SP 2.7)
SG 3 - Obtain Commitment to the Plan v SP 3.1 - Review Plans that Affect the Project
SP 3.2 - Reconcile Work and Resource Levels
SP 3.3 - Obtain Plan Commitment
3.3.1- Identify needed support and negotiate commitments with relevant stakeholders. 3.3.2- Document all organizational commitments, both full and provisional, ensuring the appropriate level of signatories. 3.3.3- Review internal commitments with senior management as appropriate. 3.3.4- Review external commitments with senior management as appropriate. 3.3.5- Identify commitments regarding interfaces between project elements and other projects and organizational units so that these commitments can be monitored.
Productos de trabajos típicos
Record of the reviews of plans that affect the project (SP 3.1) Revised methods and corresponding estimating parameters (SP 3.2) Renegotiated budgets (SP 3.2) Revised schedules (SP 3.2) Revised requirements list (SP 3.2) Renegotiated stakeholder agreements (SP 3.2) Documented requests for commitments (SP 3.3) Documented commitments (SP 3.3)
PROCESS AND PRODUCT QUALITY ASSURANCE El propósito de ‘Process and Producto Quality Assurance’ (PPQA), perteneciente al Nivel de Madurez 2, es cumplir con objetivos del staff y de la dirección respecto de procesos y productos de trabajo asociados.
PPQA se desarrolla por medio de las siguientes actividades: (1) Evaluar objetivamente los procesos y productos de trabajo realizados y a los que se les aplicó descripciones de proceso, estándares y procedimientos; (2) Identificar y documentar las no conformidades, (3) Suministrar datos actualizados al staff y a la dirección acerca de los resultados de las actividades de aseguramiento de la calidad y (4) Asegurar que las no conformidades fueron tratadas.
PPQA da soporte en la entrega de productos y servicios de alta calidad. Las prácticas de PPQA aseguran que los procesos planeados son implementados, mientras que las prácticas de Service System Development (SSD) aseguran que son satisfechos los requerimientos especificados.
El aseguramiento de la calidad comienza en las primeras del proyecto para establecer planes, procesos, estándares y procedimientos que agregarán valor al proyecto y permitirán satisfacer los requerimientos del proyecto y las políticas organizacionales.
PPQA se aplica a evaluaciones de productos, procesos, evaluaciones actividades que no son proyecto y productos de trabajo. PPQA se relaciona con SSD.
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas específicas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products
SP 1.1 - Objectively Evaluate Processes
1.1.1- Promote an environment that encourages employee participation in identifying and reporting quality issues. 1.1.2- Establish and maintain clearly stated criteria for evaluations. 1.1.3- Use the stated criteria to evaluate performed processes for adherence to process descriptions, standards, and procedures. 1.1.4- Identify each noncompliance found during the evaluation. 1.1.5- Identify lessons learned that could improve processes for future products.
SP 1.2 - Objectively Evaluate Work Products
1.2.1- Select work products to be evaluated based on documented sampling criteria if sampling is used. 1.2.2- Establish and maintain clearly stated criteria for the evaluation of selected work products. 1.2.3- Use the stated criteria during the evaluations of selected work products. 1.2.4- Evaluate selected work products at selected periods in their lifetime as appropriate including before and during delivery to the customer. 1.2.5- Perform in-progress or incremental evaluations of selected work products against process descriptions, standards, and procedures. 1.2.6- Identify each case of noncompliance found during evaluations. 1.2.7- Identify lessons learned that could improve processes for future products.
Productos de trabajo típicos
Evaluation reports (SP 1.1) Noncompliance reports (SP 1.1) Corrective actions (SP 1.1) Evaluation reports (SP 1.2) Noncompliance reports (SP 1.2) Corrective actions (SP 1.2) SG 2 - Provide Objective Insight
SP 2.1 - Communicate and Ensure Resolution of Noncompliance Issues 2.1.1- Resolve each noncompliance with the appropriate members of the staff if possible. 2.1.2- Document noncompliance issues when they cannot be resolved in the project. 2.1.3- Escalate noncompliance issues that cannot be resolved in the project to the appropriate level of management designated to receive and act on noncompliance issues. 2.1.4- Analyze noncompliance issues to see if there are quality trends that can be identified and addressed. 2.1.5- Ensure that relevant stakeholders are aware of results of evaluations and quality trends in a timely manner. 2.1.6- Periodically review open noncompliance issues and trends with the manager designated to receive and act on noncompliance issues. 2.1.7- Track noncompliance issues to resolution.
SP 2.2 - Establish Records
2.2.1- Record process and product quality assurance activities in sufficient detail so that status and results are known. 2.2.2- Revise the status and history of quality assurance activities as necessary.
Productos de trabajo típicos
Corrective action reports (SP 2.1) Evaluation reports (SP 2.1) Quality trends (SP 2.1) Evaluation logs (SP 2.2) Quality assurance reports (SP 2.2) Status reports of corrective actions (SP 2.2) Reports of quality trends (SP 2.2)