Esta AP, perteneciente al Nivel de Madurez 2, soporta todas las AP por medio del suministro de prácticas específicas que guían los proyectos y las organizaciones de acuerdo con las necesidades de medición y objetivos respecto de una medición que darán resultados objetivos. Estos resultados pueden ser usados para la toma de decisiones y la realización de acciones correctivas.
MA se relaciona con las siguientes AP: PP (Project Planning), PMC (Project Monitoring and Control), CM (Configuration Management), RD (Requirements Development), REQM (Requirements Management), OPD (Organizational Process Definition) y QPM (Quantitative Project Management).
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas especificas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Align Measurement and Analysis Activities
SP 1.1 Establish Measurement Objectives
1.1.1- Document information needs and objectives. 1.1.2- Prioritize information needs and objectives. 1.1.3- Document, review, and update measurement objectives. 1.1.4- Provide feedback for refining and clarifying information needs and objectives as necessary. 1.1.5- Maintain traceability of the measurement objectives to the identified information needs and objectives.
SP 1.2 Specify Measures
1.2.1- Identify candidate measures based on documented measurement objectives. 1.2.2- Identify existing measures that already address the measurement objectives. 1.2.3- Specify operational definitions for the measures. 1.2.4- Prioritize, review, and update measures.
SP 1.3 Specify Data Collection and Storage Procedures
1.3.1- Identify existing sources of data that are generated from current work products, processes, or transactions. 1.3.2- Identify measures for which data are needed, but are not currently available. 1.3.3- Specify how to collect and store the data for each required measure. 1.3.4- Create data collection mechanisms and process guidance. 1.3.5- Support automatic collection of the data where appropriate and feasible. 1.3.6- Prioritize, review, and update data collection and storage procedures. 1.3.7- Update measures and measurement objectives as necessary.
SP 1.4 Specify Analysis Procedures
1.4.1- Specify and prioritize the analyses that will be conducted and the reports that will be prepared. 1.4.2- Select appropriate data analysis methods and tools. 1.4.3- Specify administrative procedures for analyzing the data and communicating the results. 1.4.4- Review and update the proposed content and format of the specified analyses and reports. 1.4.5- Update measures and measurement objectives as necessary. 1.4.6- Specify criteria for evaluating the utility of the analysis results and for evaluating the conduct of the measurement and analysis activities.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son:
- Measurement objetives (SP 1.1) - Specifications of base and derived measures (SP 1.2) - Data collection and storage procedures (SP 1.3) - Data collection tools (SP 1.3) - Analysis specifications and procedures (SP 1.4) - Data analysis tools (SP 1.4)
SG 2 - Provide Measurement Results
SP 2.1 Collect Measurement Data
2.1.1- Obtain the data for base measures. 2.1.2- Generate the data for derived measures. 2.1.3- Perform data integrity checks as close to the source of the data as possible.
SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data
2.2.1- Conduct initial analyses, interpret the results, and draw preliminary conclusions. 2.2.2- Conduct additional measurement and analysis as necessary, and prepare results for presentation. 2.2.3- Review the initial results with relevant stakeholders. 2.2.4- Refine criteria for future analyses.
SP 2.3 Store Data and Results
2.3.1- Review the data to ensure their completeness, integrity, accuracy, and currency. 2.3.2- Store the data according to the data storage procedures. 2.3.3- Make the stored contents available for use only by appropriate groups and personnel. 2.3.4- Prevent the stored information from being used inappropriately.
SP 2.4 Communicate Results
2.4.1- Keep relevant stakeholders apprised of measurement results on a timely basis. 2.4.2- Assist relevant stakeholders in understanding the results.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son:
- Base and derived measurement data sets (SP 2.1) - Results of data integrity tests (SP 2.1) - Analysis results and draft reports (SP 2.2) - Stored data inventory (SP 2.3) - Delivered reports and related analysis results (SP 2.4) - Contextual information or guidance to aid in the interpretation of analysis results (SP 2.4)
Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)
Esta área de proceso (AP), perteneciente al Nivel de Madurez 2, soporta todas las AP que suministran prácticas específicas que permiten evaluar los procesos realizados, productos de trabajo y servicios junto con las descripciones del proceso, estándares y procedimientos. PPQA soporta la entrega de productos y servicios de alta calidad. PPQA se relaciona con las siguientes AP: PP (Project Planning) y VER (Verification).
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas especificas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products
SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes
1.1.1- Promote an environment (created as part of project management) that encourages employee participation in identifying and reporting quality issues. 1.1.2- Establish and maintain clearly stated criteria for the evaluations. 1.1.3- Use the stated criteria to evaluate performed processes for adherence to process descriptions, standards, and procedures. 1.1.4- Identify each noncompliance found during the evaluation. 1.1.5- Identify lessons learned that could improve processes for future products and services.
SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products and Services
1.2.1- Select work products to be evaluated, based on documented sampling criteria if sampling is used. 1.2.2- Establish and maintain clearly stated criteria for the evaluation of work products. 1.2.3- Use the stated criteria during the evaluations of work products. 1.2.4- Evaluate work products before they are delivered to the customer. 1.2.5- Evaluate work products at selected milestones in their development. 1.2.6- Perform in-progress or incremental evaluations of work products and services against process descriptions, standards, and procedures. 1.2.7- Identify each case of noncompliance found during the evaluations. 1.2.8- Identify lessons learned that could improve processes for future products and services.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son:
- Evaluation reports (SP 1.1) - Noncompliance reports (SP 1.1) - Corrective actions (SP 1.1) - Evaluation reports (SP 1.2) - Noncompliance reports (SP 1.2) - Corrective actions (SP 1.2)
SG 2 - Provide Objective Insight
SP 2.1 Communicate and Ensure Resolution of Noncompliance Issues
2.1.1- Resolve each noncompliance with the appropriate members of the staff where possible. 2.1.2- Document noncompliance issues when they cannot be resolved within the project. 2.1.3- Escalate noncompliance issues that cannot be resolved within the project to the appropriate level of management designated to receive and act on noncompliance issues. 2.1.4- Analyze the noncompliance issues to see if there are any quality trends that can be identified and addressed. 2.1.5- Ensure that relevant stakeholders are aware of the results of evaluations and the quality trends in a timely manner. 2.1.6- Periodically review open noncompliance issues and trends with the manager designated to receive and act on noncompliance issues. 2.1.7- Track noncompliance issues to resolution.
SP 2.2 Establish Records
2.2.1- Record process and product quality assurance activities in sufficient detail such that status and results are known. 2.2.2- Revise the status and history of the quality assurance activities as necessary.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son:
- Corrective action reports (SP 2.1) - Evaluation reports (SP 2.1) - Quality trends (SP 2.1) - Evaluation logs (SP 2.2) - Quality assurance reports (SP 2.2) - Status reports of corrective actions (SP 2.2) - Reports of quality trends (SP 2.2)
Prácticas Genéricas por Objetivo en MA y PPQA
Solo Representación Continua
GG 1 - Achieve Specific Goals
The process supports and enables achievement of the specific goals of the process area by transforming identifiable input work products to produce identifiable output work products.
GP 1.1 - Perform Specific Practices
Perform the specific practices of the process and product quality assurance process to develop work products and provide services to achieve the specific goals of the process area.
Representación Continua y por Etapas
GG 2 - Institutionalize a Managed Process
The process is institutionalized as a managed process.
GP 2.1 - Establish an Organizational Policy
Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the process and product quality assurance process.
GP 2.2 - Plan the Process
Establish and maintain the plan for performing the process and product quality assurance process.
GP 2.3 - Provide Resources
Provide adequate resources for performing the process and product quality assurance process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the process.
GP 2.4 - Assign Responsibility
Assign responsibility and authority for performing the process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the process and product quality assurance process.
GP 2.5 - Train People
Train the people performing or supporting the process and product quality assurance process as needed.
GP 2.6 - Manage Configurations
GP 2.7 - Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders
Identify and involve the relevant stakeholders of the process and product quality assurance process as planned.
GP 2.8 - Monitor and Control the Process
Monitor and control the process and product quality assurance process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate corrective action.
GP 2.9 - Objectively Evaluate Adherence
Objectively evaluate adherence of the process and product quality assurance process against its process description, standards, and procedures, and address noncompliance.
GP 2.10 - Review Status with Higher Level Management
Review the activities, status, and results of the process and product quality assurance process with higher level management and resolve issues.
Solo Representación por Etapas
GG3 and its practices do not apply for a maturity level 2 rating, but do apply for a maturity level 3 rating and above.
Representación Continua – Solo Niveles de Madurez 3 -5
GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process
GP 3.1- Establish a Defined Process
Establish and maintain the description of a defined process and product quality assurance process.
GP 3.2 - Collect Improvement Information
Solo Representación Continua
GG 4 - Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed Process
The process is institutionalized as a quantitatively managed process
GP 4.1 - Establish Quantitative Objectives for the Process
Establish and maintain quantitative objectives for the process and product quality assurance process, which address quality and process performance, based on customer needs and business objectives.
GP 4.2- Stabilize Subprocess Performance
Stabilize the performance of one or more subprocesses to determine the ability of the process and product quality assurance process to achieve the established quantitative quality and process-performance objectives.
Solo Representación Continua
GG 5 - Institutionalize an Optimizing Process
The process is institutionalized as an optimizing process.
GP 5.1 - Ensure Continuous Process Improvement
Ensure continuous improvement of the process and product quality assurance process in fulfilling the relevant business objectives of the organization.
GP 5.2 - Correct Root Causes of Problems
Identify and correct the root causes of defects and other problems in the process and product quality assurance process.