Esta área de proceso (AP), perteneciente al Nivel de Madurez 4, obtiene objetivos cuantitativos de calidad y de performance del proceso de acuerdo a los objetivos de negocio de la organización. La organización tiene proyectos y grupos de soporte que comparten mediciones, líneas de base de performance del proceso, y modelos de performance del proceso. La organización analiza los datos de performance del proceso y desarrolla un entendimiento cuantitativo de la calidad del producto, calidad del servicio, y performance del conjunto de procesos estándares de la organización.
OPP se relaciona con las siguientes AP: QPM (Quantitative Project Management) y MA (Measurement and Analysis).
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas especificas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Establish Performance Baselines and Models
SP 1.1 - Select Processes
SP 1.2 - Establish Process Performance Measures
1.2.1- Determine which of the organization’s business objectives for quality and process performance need to be addressed by the measures. 1.2.2- Select measures that provide appropriate insight into the organization’s quality and process performance 1.2.3- Incorporate the selected measures into the organization’s set of common measures. 1.2.4- Revise the set of measures as necessary
SP 1.3 - Establish Quality and Process-Performance Objectives
1.3.1- Review the organization’s business objectives related to quality and process performance 1.3.2- Define the organization’s quantitative objectives for quality and process performance 1.3.3- Define the priorities of the organization’s objectives for quality and process performance. 1.3.4- Review, negotiate, and obtain commitment for the organization’s quality and process-performance objectives and their priorities from the relevant stakeholders. 1.3.5- Revise the organization’s quantitative objectives for quality and process performance as necessary.
SP 1.4 - Establish Process Performance Baselines
1.4.1- Collect measurements from the organization’s projects. 1.4.2- Establish and maintain the organization’s process-performance baselines from the collected measurements and analyses 1.4.3- Review and get agreement with relevant stakeholders about the organization's process-performance baselines. 1.4.4- Make the organization's process-performance information available across the organization in the organization's measurement repository. 1.4.5- Compare the organization’s process-performance baselines to the associated objectives. 1.4.6- Revise the organization’s process-performance baselines as necessary.
SP 1.5 - Establish Process Performance Models
1.5.1- Establish the process-performance models based on the organization’s set of standard processes and the organization’s process-performance baselines. 1.5.2- Calibrate the process-performance models based on the organization’s past results and current needs. 1.5.3- Review the process-performance models and get agreement with relevant stakeholders. 1.5.4- Support the projects’ use of the process-performance models. 1.5.5- Revise the process-performance models as necessary.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - List of processes or subprocesses identified for process-performance analyses (SP 1.1) - Definitions for the selected measures of process performance (SP 1.2) - Organization's quality and process-performance objectives (SP 1.3) - Baseline data on the organization’s process performance (SP 1.4) - Process-performance models (SP 1.5)
Quantitative Project Management (QPM)
Esta AP, perteneciente al Nivel de Madurez 4, aplica técnicas cuantitativas y estadísticas que permiten administrar el performance del proceso y la calidad del producto. Los objetivos de performance del proceso y de calidad están basados en los objetivos establecidos por la organización. El proceso definido del proyecto abarca elementos del proceso y subprocesos.
QPM se relaciona con las siguientes AP: PMC (Project Monitoring and Control), MA (Measurement and Analysis), OPP (Organizational Process Performance), OPD (Organizational Process Definition), IPM (Integrated Project Management), CAR (Causal Analysis and Resolution) y OID (Organizational Innovation and Deployment).
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas especificas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Quantitatively Manage the Project
SP 1.1 - Establish the Project’s Objectives
1.1.1- Review the organization's objectives for quality and process performance 1.1.2- Identify the quality and process performance needs and priorities of the customer, suppliers, end users, and other relevant stakeholders. 1.1.3- Identify how process performance is to be measured. 1.1.4- Define and document measurable quality and process-performance objectives for the project 1.1.5- Derive interim objectives for each lifecycle phase, as appropriate, to monitor progress toward achieving the project’s objectives 1.1.6- Resolve conflicts among the project’s quality and process-performance objectives 1.1.7- Establish traceability to the project’s quality and process-performance objectives from their sources. 1.1.8- Define and negotiate quality and process-performance objectives for suppliers 1.1.9- Revise the project’s quality and process-performance objectives as necessary
SP 1.2 - Compose the Defined Process
1.2.1- Establish the criteria to use in identifying which subprocesses are valid candidates for use 1.2.2- Determine whether the subprocesses that are to be statistically managed, and that were obtained from the organizational process assets, are suitable for statistical management 1.2.3- Analyze the interaction of subprocesses to understand the relationships among the subprocesses and the measured attributes of the subprocesses. 1.2.4- Identify the risk when no subprocess is available that is known to be capable of satisfying the quality and process-performance objectives
SP 1.3 - Select the Subprocesses that Will Be Statistically Managed
1.3.1- Identify which of the quality and process-performance objectives of the project will be statistically managed 1.3.2- Identify the criteria to be used in selecting the subprocesses that are the main contributors to achieving the identified quality and process-performance objectives and for which predictable performance is important. 1.3.3- Select the subprocesses that will be statistically managed using the selection criteria. 1.3.4- Identify the product and process attributes of the selected subprocesses that will be measured and controlled.
SP 1.4 - Manage Project Performance
1.4.1- Periodically review the performance of each subprocess and the capability of each subprocess selected to be statistically managed to appraise progress toward achieving the project’s quality and process-performance objectives. 1.4.2- Periodically review the actual results achieved against established interim objectives for each phase of the project lifecycle to appraise progress toward achieving the project’s quality and process-performance objectives 1.4.3- Track suppliers’ results for achieving their quality and process-performance objectives. 1.4.4- Use process-performance models calibrated with obtained measures of critical attributes to estimate progress toward achieving the project’s quality and process-performance objectives. 1.4.5- Identify and manage the risks associated with achieving the project’s quality and process-performance objectives. 1.4.6- Determine and document actions needed to address the deficiencies in achieving the project’s quality and process-performance objectives.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - The project’s quality and process-performance objectives (SP 1.1) - Criteria used in identifying which subprocesses are valid candidates for inclusion in the project’s defined process (SP 1.2) - Candidate subprocesses for inclusion in the project’s defined process (SP 1.2) - Subprocesses to be included in the project’s defined process (SP 1.2) - Identified risks when selected subprocesses lack a process-performance history (SP 1.2) - Quality and process-performance objectives that will be addressed by statistical management (SP 1.3) - Criteria used in selecting which subprocesses will be statistically managed (SP 1.3) - Subprocesses that will be statistically managed (SP 1.3) - Identified process and product attributes of the selected subprocesses that should be measured and controlled (SP 1.3) - Estimates (predictions) of the achievement of the project’s quality and process-performance objectives (SP 1.4) - Documentation of the risks in achieving the project’s quality and process-performance objectives (SP 1.4) - Documentation of actions needed to address the deficiencies in achieving the project’s objectives (SP 1.4)
SG 2 - Statistically Manage Subprocess Performance
SP 2.1 - Select Measures and Analytic Techniques
2.1.1- Identify common measures from the organizational process assets that support statistical management. 2.1.2- Identify additional measures that may be needed for this instance to cover critical product and process attributes of the selected subprocesses. 2.1.3- Identify the measures that are appropriate for statistical management. 2.1.4- Specify the operational definitions of the measures, their collection points in the subprocesses, and how the integrity of the measures will be determined. 2.1.5- Analyze the relationship of the identified measures to the organization’s and project’s objectives, and derive objectives that state specific target measures or ranges to be met for each measured attribute of each selected subprocess. 2.16- Instrument the organizational support environment to support collection, derivation, and analysis of statistical measures 2.17- Identify the appropriate statistical analysis techniques that are expected to be useful in statistically managing the selected subprocesses. 2.1.8- Revise the measures and statistical analysis techniques as necessary.
SP 2.2 - Apply Statistical Methods to Understand Variation
2.2.1- Establish trial natural bounds for subprocesses having suitable historical performance data 2.2.2- Collect data, as defined by the selected measures, on the subprocesses as they execute 2.2.3- Calculate the natural bounds of process performance for each measured attribute 2.2.4- Identify special causes of variation 2.2.5- Analyze the special cause of process variation to determine the reasons the anomaly occurred 2.2.6- Determine what corrective action should be taken when special causes of variation are identified 2.2.7- Recalculate the natural bounds for each measured attribute of the selected subprocesses as necessary
SP 2.3 - Monitor Perform. of the Selected Subprocesses
2.3.1- Compare the quality and process-performance objectives to the natural bounds of the measured attribute 2.3.2- Monitor changes in quality and process-performance objectives and selected subprocess’ process capability 2.3.3- Identify and document subprocess capability deficiencies 2.3.4- Determine and document actions needed to address subprocess capability deficiencies
SP 2.4 Record Statistical Management Data
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - Definitions of the measures and analytic techniques to be used in (or proposed for) statistically managing the subprocesses (SP 2.1) - Operational definitions of the measures, their collection points in the subprocesses, and how the integrity of the measures will be determined (SP 2.1) - Traceability of measures back to the project’s quality and process-performance objectives (SP 2.1) - Instrumented organizational support environment to support automatic data collection (SP 2.1) - Collected measures (SP 2.2) - Natural bounds of process performance for each measured attribute of each selected subprocess (SP 2.2) - Process performance compared to the natural bounds of process performance for each measured attribute of each selected subprocess (SP 2.2) - Natural bounds of process performance for each selected subprocess compared to its established (derived) objectives (SP 2.3) - For each subprocess, its process capability (SP 2.3) - For each subprocess, the actions needed to address deficiencies in its process capability (SP 2.3) - Statistical and quality management data recorded in the organization’s measurement repository (SP 2.4)
Prácticas Genéricas por Objetivo de OPP y QPM
Solo Representación Continua
GG 1 - Achieve Specific Goals
The process supports and enables achievement of the specific goals of the process area by transforming identifiable input work products to produce identifiable output work products.
GP 1.1 - Perform Specific Practices
Perform the specific practices of the quantitative project management process to develop work products and provide services to achieve the specific goals of the process area.
Solo Representación Continua
GG 2 - Institutionalize a Managed Process
The process is institutionalized as a managed process.
GP 2.1 - Establish an Organizational Policy
Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the quantitative project management process.
GP 2.2 - Plan the Process
Establish and maintain the plan for performing the quantitative project management process.
GP 2.3 - Provide Resources
Provide adequate resources for performing the quantitative project management process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the process.
GP 2.4 - Assign Responsibility
Assign responsibility and authority for performing the process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the quantitative project management process.
GP 2.5 - Train People
Train the people performing or supporting the quantitative project management process as needed.
GP 2.6 - Manage Configurations
Place designated work products of the quantitative project management process under appropriate levels of control.
GP 2.7 - Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders
Identify and involve the relevant stakeholders of the quantitative project management process as planned.
GP 2.8 - Monitor and Control the Process
Monitor and control the quantitative project management process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate corrective action.
GP 2.9 - Objectively Evaluate Adherence
Objectively evaluate adherence of the quantitative project management process against its process description, standards, and procedures, and address noncompliance.
GP 2.10 - Review Status with Higher Level Management
Review the activities, status, and results of the quantitative project management process with higher level management and resolve issues.
Representación Continua y por Etapas
GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process
The process is institutionalized as a defined process.
GP 3.1- Establish a Defined Process
Establish and maintain the description of a defined quantitative project management process.
GP 3.2 - Collect Improvement Information
Collect work products, measures, measurement results, and improvement information derived from planning and performing the quantitative project management process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
Solo Representación Continua
GG 4 - Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed Process
The process is institutionalized as a quantitatively managed process
GP 4.1 - Establish Quantitative Objectives for the Process
Establish and maintain quantitative objectives for the quantitative project management process, which address quality and process performance, based on customer needs and business objectives.
GP 4.2- Stabilize Subprocess Performance
Stabilize the performance of one or more subprocesses to determine the ability of the quantitative project management process to achieve the established quantitative quality and process-performance objectives.
Solo Representación Continua
GG 5 - Institutionalize an Optimizing Process
The process is institutionalized as an optimizing process.
GP 5.1 - Ensure Continuous Process Improvement
Ensure continuous improvement of the quantitative project management process in fulfilling the relevant business objectives of the organization.
GP 5.2 - Correct Root Causes of Problems
Identify and correct the root causes of defects and other problems in the quantitative project management process.