Esta área de proceso (AP), perteneciente al Nivel de Madurez 3, ayuda a que la organización pueda planear, implementar y desplegar las mejoras del proceso organizacional basadas en el entendimiento de las fortalezas y debilidades de los procesos de la organización. Algunas de las posibles mejoras son: (1) propuestas de mejoramiento del proceso, (2) medición de los procesos, (3) lecciones aprendidas de la implementación de los procesos y (4) resultados de la evaluación de los procesos y de las actividades de evaluación del producto. OPF se relaciona con OPD (Organizational Process Definition).
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas especificas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Determine Process-Improvement Opportunities
SP 1.1 Establish Organizational Process Needs
1.1.1- Identify the policies, standards, and business objectives that are applicable to the organization's processes. 1.1.2- Examine relevant process standards and models for best practices. 1.1.3- Determine the organization’s process-performance objectives. 1.1.4- Define the essential characteristics of the organization’s processes. 1.1.5- Document the organization’s process needs and objectives. 1.1.6- Revise the organization’s process needs and objectives as needed.
SP 1.2 Appraise the Organization’s Processes
1.2.1- Obtain sponsorship of the process appraisal from senior management. 1.2.2- Define the scope of the process appraisal. 1.2.3- Determine the method and criteria for process appraisal. 1.2.4- Plan, schedule, and prepare for the process appraisal.. 1.2.5- Conduct the process appraisal. 1.2.6- Document and deliver the appraisal’s activities and findings
SP 1.3 Identify the Organization's Process Improvements
1.3.1- Determine candidate process improvements. 1.3.2- Prioritize the candidate process improvements. 1.3.3- Identify and document the process improvements that will be implemented. 1.3.4- Revise the list of planned process improvements to keep it current.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - Organization’s process needs and objectives (SP 1.1) - Plans for the organization's process appraisals (SP 1.2) - Appraisal findings that address strengths and weaknesses of the organization's processes (SP 1.2) - Improvement recommendations for the organization's processes (SP 1.2) - Analysis of candidate process improvements (SP 1.3) - Identification of improvements for the organization's processes (SP 1.3)
SG 2 - Plan and Implement Process-Improvement Activities
SP 2.1 Establish Process Action Plans
2.1.1- Identify strategies, approaches, and actions to address the identified process improvements. 2.1.2- Establish process action teams to implement the actions. 2.1.3- Document process action plans. 2.1.4- Review and negotiate process action plans with relevant stakeholders. 2.1.5- Review process action plans as necessary.
SP 2.2 - Implement Process Action Plans
2.2.1- Make process action plans readily available to relevant stakeholders. 2.2.2- Negotiate and document commitments among the process action teams and revise their process action plans as necessary. 2.2.3- Track progress and commitments against process action plans. 2.2.4- Conduct joint reviews with the process action teams and relevant stakeholders to monitor the progress and results of the process actions. 2.2.5- Plan pilots needed to test selected process improvements. 2.2.6- Review the activities and work products of process action teams. 2.2.7- Identify, document, and track to closure issues in implementing process action plans. 2.2.8- Ensure that the results of implementing process action plans satisfy the organization’s process improvement objectives.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - Organization's approved process action plans (SP 2.1) - Commitments among the various process action teams (SP 2.2) - Status and results of implementing process action plans (SP 2.2) - Plans for pilots (SP 2.2)
SG3 - Deploy Organizational Process Assets and Incorporate Lessons Learned
SP 3.1 Deploy Organizational Process Assets
3.1.1- Deploy organizational process assets across the organization. 3.1.2- Document the changes to the organizational process assets. 3.1.3- Deploy the changes that were made to the organizational process assets across the organization. 3.1.4- Provide guidance and consultation on the use of the organizational process assets.
SP 3.2 - Deploy Standard Processes
3.2.1- Identify projects within the organization that are starting up. 3.2.2- Identify active projects that would benefit from implementing the organization’s current set of standard processes. 3.2.3- Establish plans to implement the organization’s current set of standard processes on the identified projects. 3.2.4- Assist projects in tailoring the organization’s set of standard processes to meet project needs. 3.2.5- Maintain records of tailoring and implementing processes on the identified projects. 3.2.6- Ensure that the defined processes resulting from process tailoring are incorporated into the plans for process-compliance audits. 3.2.7- As the organization’s set of standard processes are updated, identify which projects should implement the changes.
SP 3.3 - Monitor Implementation
3.3.1- Monitor projects for their use of the organization’s process assets and changes to them. 3.3.2- Review selected process artifacts created during the life of each project. 3.3.3- Review the results of process-compliance evaluations to determine how well the organization’s set of standard processes has been deployed. 3.3.4- Identify, document, and track to closure issues related to implementing the organization’s set of standard processes.
SP 3.4 - Incorporate Process Related Experiences into the Organizational Process Assets
3.4.1- Conduct periodic reviews of the effectiveness and suitability of the organization’s set of standard processes and related organizational process assets relative to the organization’s business objectives. 3.4.2- Obtain feedback about the use of the organizational process assets. 3.4.3- Derive lessons learned from defining, piloting, implementing, and deploying the organizational process assets. 3.4.4- Make available lessons learned to the people in the organization as appropriate. 3.4.5- Analyze the organization's common set of measures. 3.4.6- Appraise the processes, methods, and tools in use in the organization and develop recommendations for improving the organizational process assets. 3.4.7- Make the best of the organization's processes, methods, and tools available to the people in the organization as appropriate. 3.4.8- Manage process improvement proposals. 3.4.9- Establish and maintain records of the organization's process improvement activities.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - Plans for deploying organizational process assets and changes to them across the organization (SP 3.1) - Training materials for deploying organizational process assets and changes to them (SP 3.1) - Documentation of changes to organizational process assets (SP 3.1) - Support materials for deploying organizational process assets and changes to them (SP 3.1)
- Organization's list of projects and status of process deployment on each project (i.e., existing and planned projects) (SP 3.2) - Guidelines for deploying the organization’s set of standard processes on new projects (SP 3.2) - Records of tailoring the organization’s set of standard processes and implementing them on identified projects (SP 3.2) - Results of monitoring process implementation on projects (SP 3.3) - Status and results of process-compliance evaluations (SP 3.3) - Results of reviewing selected process artifacts created as part of process tailoring and implementation (SP 3.3)
- Process improvement proposals (SP 3.4) - Process lessons learned (SP 3.4) - Measurements on the organizational process assets (SP 3.4) - Improvement recommendations for the organizational process assets (SP 3.4) - Records of the organization's process improvement activities (SP 3.4) - Information on the organizational process assets and improvements to them (SP 3.4)
Organizational Process Definition (OPD) + IPPD
Esta AP, perteneciente al Nivel de Madurez 3, establece y mantiene el conjunto de procesos estándares de la organización, estándares de ambiente de trabajo y otras consideraciones (descripciones de los modelos del ciclo de vida, pautas para el desarrollo de los procesos, y datos / documentación relacionada al proceso) basadas en las necesidades del proyecto y en los objetivos de la organización. Con la incorporación de IPPD, OPD + IPPD suministra reglas y pautas para los proyectos. OPD se relaciona con OPF (Organizational Process Focus).
Los objetivos específicos (SG), prácticas especificas (SP) y subprácticas de esta AP son:
SG 1 - Establish Organizational Process Assets
SP 1.1 Establish Standard Processes
1.1.1- Decompose each standard process into constituent process elements to the detail needed to understand and describe the process. 1.1.2- Specify the critical attributes of each process element. 1.1.3- Specify the relationships of the process elements. 1.1.4- Ensure that the organization's set of standard processes adheres to applicable policies, standards, and models. 1.1.5- Ensure that the organization’s set of standard processes satisfies the process needs and objectives of the organization. 1.1.6- Ensure that there is appropriate integration among the processes that are included in the organization’s set of standard processes. 1.1.7- Document the organization's set of standard processes. 1.1.8- Conduct peer reviews on the organization's set of standard processes. 1.1.9- Revise the organization's set of standard processes as necessary.
SP 1.2 - Establish Life-Cycle Model Descriptions
1.2.1- Select lifecycle models based on the needs of projects and the organization. 1.2.2- Document the descriptions of the lifecycle models. 1.2.3- Conduct peer reviews on the lifecycle models. 1.2.4- Revise the descriptions of the lifecycle models as necessary.
SP 1.3 - Establish Tailoring Criteria and Guidelines
1.3.1- Specify the selection criteria and procedures for tailoring the organization's set of standard processes 1.3.2- Specify the standards for documenting the defined processes. 1.3.3- Specify the procedures for submitting and obtaining approval of waivers from the requirements of the organization’s set of standard processes. 1.3.4- Document the tailoring guidelines for the organization's set of standard processes. 1.3.5- Conduct peer reviews on the tailoring guidelines. 1.3.6- Revise the tailoring guidelines as necessary.
SP 1.4 - Establish the Organization’s Measurement Repository
1.4.1- Determine the organization's needs for storing, retrieving, and analyzing measurements. 1.4.2- Define a common set of process and product measures for the organization's set of standard processes. 1.4.3- Design and implement the measurement repository. 1.4.4- Specify the procedures for storing, updating, and retrieving measures. 1.4.5- Conduct peer reviews on the definitions of the common set of measures and the procedures for storing and retrieving measures. 1.4.6- Enter the specified measures into the repository. 1.4.7- Make the contents of the measurement repository available for use by the organization and projects as appropriate. 1.4.8- Revise the measurement repository, common set of measures, and procedures as the organization’s needs change.
SP 1.5 - Establish the Organization’s Process Asset Library
1.5.1- Design and implement the organization’s process asset library, including the library structure and support environment. 1.5.2- Specify the criteria for including items in the library. 1.5.3- Specify the procedures for storing and retrieving items. 1.5.4- Enter the selected items into the library and catalog them for easy reference and retrieval. 1.5.5- Make the items available for use by the projects. 1.5.6- Periodically review the use of each item and use the results to maintain the library contents. 1.5.7- Revise the organization’s process asset library as necessary.
SP 1.6 - Establish Work Environment
1.6.1- Evaluate commercially-available work environment standards appropriate for the organization. 1.6.2- Adopt existing work environment standards and develop new ones to fill gaps based on the organization’s process needs and objectives.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - Organization's set of standard processes (SP 1.1) - Descriptions of lifecycle models (SP 1.2) - Tailoring guidelines for the organization's set of standard processes (SP 1.3) - Definition of the common set of product and process measures for the organization’s set of standard processes (SP 1.4) - Design of the organization’s measurement repository (SP 1.4) - Organization's measurement repository (SP 1.4) - Organization’s measurement data (SP 1.4) - Design of the organization’s process asset library (SP 1.5) - Organization's process asset library (SP 1.5) - Selected items to be included in the organization’s process asset library (SP 1.5) - Catalog of items in the organization’s process asset library (SP 1.5) - Work environment standards (SP 1.6)
SG 2 - Enable IPPD Management
SP 2.1 - Establish Improvement Mechanisms
2.1.1- Determine rules and guidelines for the degree of empowerment provided to people and integrated teams. 2.1.2- Determine rules and guidelines for the use of different decision types in making various kinds of team decisions. 2.1.3- Define the process for using the decision-making rules and guidelines. 2.1.4- Define a process for issue resolution when an issue cannot be decided at the level at which it arose. 2.1.5- Maintain the empowerment mechanisms and the rules and guidelines for decision making.
SP 2.2 - Establish Rules and Guidelines for Integrated Teams
2.2.1- Establish rules and guidelines for structuring and forming integrated teams. 2.2.2- Define the expectations, rules, and guidelines that will guide how the integrated teams work collectively. 2.2.3- Maintain the rules and guidelines for structuring and forming integrated teams.
SP 2.3 - Balance Team and Home Organization Responsibilities
2.3.1- Establish guidelines for home organization responsibilities that promote integrated team behavior. 2.3.2- Establish guidelines for team management responsibilities to ensure integrated team members report appropriately to their home organizations. 2.3.3- Establish a performance review process that considers input from both home organization and integrated team leaders. 2.3.4- Maintain the guidelines for balancing team and home organization responsibilities.
Los productos de trabajo de las SP son: - Empowerment rules and guidelines for people and integrated teams (SP 2.1) - Decision-making rules and guidelines (SP 2.1) - Issue resolution documentation (SP 2.1) - Rules and guidelines for the structuring and formation of integrated teams (SP 2.2) - Organizational guidelines for balancing team and home organization responsibilities (SP 2.3) - Performance review process that considers both functional supervisor and team leader input (SP 2.3)
Prácticas Genéricas por Objetivo de OPF y OPD
Solo Representación Continua
GG 1 - Achieve Specific Goals
The process supports and enables achievement of the specific goals of the process area by transforming identifiable input work products to produce identifiable output work products.
GP 1.1 - Perform Specific Practices
Perform the specific practices of the organizational process definition process to develop work products and provide services to achieve the specific goals of the process area.
Solo Representación Continua
GG 2 - Institutionalize a Managed Process
The process is institutionalized as a managed process.
GP 2.1 - Establish an Organizational Policy
Establish and maintain an organizational policy for planning and performing the organizational process definition process.
GP 2.2 - Plan the Process
Establish and maintain the plan for performing the organizational process definition process. GP 2.3 - Provide Resources
Provide adequate resources for performing the organizational process definition process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the process.
GP 2.4 - Assign Responsibility
Assign responsibility and authority for performing the process, developing the work products, and providing the services of the organizational process definition process.
GP 2.5 - Train People
Train the people performing or supporting the organizational process definition process as needed.
GP 2.6 - Manage Configurations
Place designated work products of the organizational process definition process under appropriate levels of control.
GP 2.7 - Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders
Identify and involve the relevant stakeholders of the organizational process definition process as planned.
GP 2.8 - Monitor and Control the Process
Monitor and control the organizational process definition process against the plan for performing the process and take appropriate corrective action.
GP 2.9 - Objectively Evaluate Adherence
Objectively evaluate adherence of the organizational process definition process against its process description, standards, and procedures, and address noncompliance.
GP 2.10 - Review Status with Higher Level Management
Review the activities, status, and results of the organizational process definition process with higher level management and resolve issues.
Representación Continua y por Etapas
GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process
The process is institutionalized as a defined process.
GP 3.1- Establish a Defined Process
Establish and maintain the description of a defined organizational process definition process
GP 3.2 - Collect Improvement Information
Collect work products, measures, measurement results, and improvement information derived from planning and performing the organizational process definition process to support the future use and improvement of the organization’s processes and process assets.
Solo Representación Continua
GG 4 - Institutionalize a Quantitatively Managed Process
The process is institutionalized as a quantitatively managed process
GP 4.1 - Establish Quantitative Objectives for the Process
Establish and maintain quantitative objectives for the organizational process definition process, which address quality and process performance, based on customer needs and business objectives.
GP 4.2- Stabilize Subprocess Performance
Stabilize the performance of one or more subprocesses to determine the ability of the organizational process definition process to achieve the established quantitative quality and process-performance objectives.
Solo Representación Continua
GG 5 - Institutionalize an Optimizing Process
The process is institutionalized as an optimizing process.
GP 5.1 - Ensure Continuous Process Improvement
Ensure continuous improvement of the organizational process definition process in fulfilling the relevant business objectives of the organization.
GP 5.2 - Correct Root Causes of Problems
Identify and correct the root causes of defects and other problems in the organizational process definition process.